One of the most popular fruits in the world, the mango is gaining more and more space in the internal market, which is the destination of almost all national production. Consumed mainly as AO naturally, it can be converted into many products: Pulp Simple, Succo, Sorbet, Jellies, Compotes, etc. It is a great source of Vitamin A and C.
Although mango cultivation does not require much special care, but being a rustic plant, it is necessary to use some techniques for good production, mainly soil preparation, planting, watering and pest control. attack is included. This is what we will show in the next article.
Importance of fruits in national scenario
In 2018, Brazil planted a little over 65 million hectares of mango, producing 1.319 million tons, according to IBGE. It is cultivated in 21 states, especially in Pernambuco, Bahia and São Paulo.
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Every year, Brazil is increasing the production of manga which also guarantees the country foreign exchange in the form of exports. Not a year ago, when fruit exports were at record levels and the national supply increased, as expected, as new areas entered production.
As manga exports reached a record in 2019 (in November) with 197 million tons, 20% more volume than the same period in 2017, when the last record was recorded, and 8% in revenue, over the same period Not compared, according to comdata da sexex.
Arte shows the production of manga in Brazil.
Therefore, it is an important fruit for the country and investment in planting it can become an excellent source of income for family farms. Learn to follow some of these farming techniques.
Manga Cultivation: Singles and Appreciation
To be successful in mango cultivation, growers need to adopt appropriate farming practices so that the product meets the requirements of the consumer market. Today it is essential that the fruit is of good quality. This form confirms the main cultural practices that begin with the choice of area for planting.
Nicknamed, this manga tree is considered quite rustic and can be grown in both sandy and clay soils, which are relatively easy to find in our country.
For plant cultivation, it is necessary to leave a space of at least 5 meters between the plants and the aisles. Therefore, it is not necessary to have such a large area for cultivation that can take place in gardens, cottages and sites.
According to Embrapa (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation), the ideal fertilization consists of applying 5 to 10 kg of barnyard manure, or 5 to 10 kg of chicken manure. You can also add one to two kilos of castor bean cake, a kind of organic fertilizer.
In addition, 100 g of simple superphosphate and 50 g of potassium chloride should be added to every 10 m of the planted area.
Seeds and parent plants
In Brazil, mango sowing is done between the months of October and March. However, it is important to carry out the procedure as soon as possible to obtain better germination rates and thus guarantee the success of this cultivation.
Because it's an easy seed to find and because it has a relatively simple preparation process, you use the fruit of the mother plant. Then you have to remove the pulp, wash the seeds that must be placed in the shade to dry and extract the shell that surrounds the almond.
However, you need to be aware of the mango mother plants. Therefore, in order to have good commercial acceptance, they must meet certain requirements, such as high productivity, resistance to pests, colour, aroma and flavour of attractive fruits.
Grafting
In the case of grafting, mango cultivation involves joining the rootstock (horse) with the scion (scion). However, the success of grafting this fruit depends on the compatibility between the rootstock and the scion, climatic conditions, which are related to temperature, humidity, the skill of the grafter and care before and after this operation.
Mango, when grafted and cultivated in accordance with the technical requirements demanded by the culture, begins to produce in the second year after planting. But economic production only occurs from the fourth year onwards.
varieties of mango
There are several varieties of mango grown in Brazil. The most suitable for commercial planting, even in family farming, are those that combine productivity with factors such as colour, flavour, low fibre and small seeds, such as Keitt, Kent, Van Dyke and Surprise.
However, the Tommy Atkins variety accounts for 80% of mango planting in Brazil due to its greater resistance to pests and diseases, and because it is more durable after harvesting. The fruit has a reddish colour on the skin, a basic requirement for export.
Haden, on the other hand, is more susceptible to pest attack and therefore needs some extra care in cultivation. However, they should not be disregarded for that reason, since they have several other qualities, as we will show below.
types of mango
Tommy Atkins mango – Medium to large fruits, from 400 to 700g, yellow to red color, smooth surface, thick and resistant skin. Excellent taste, sweet and low fibre. Relatively resistant to anthracnose.
Haden mango – Medium to large fruits, 400 to 600g, yellow-pink color; juicy, fibre-free, sweet, orange-yellow pulp. Small seed. Incidentally, in addition to vegetating a lot, this fruit is considered alternating and susceptible to anthracnose and mango blight.
Keitt mango – Large fruits, 600 to 900g, yellow-green colour with faint reddish hints; intense yellow pulp, without fibres, juicy; small seed; very productive plant, with typical growth habit, with long and open branches.
Kent mango – Large fruits, 600 to 750g, oval, with light green-yellowish skin, turning reddish when ripe, and of late maturation; pulp yellow-orange, sweet, without fibre. Vigorous and productive tree.
Mango van dyke – Medium fruits, 300 to 400g, yellow colour with red hints; pulp firm and resistant to transportation; pleasant taste, very sweet. Small seed, very productive plant.
Surprise mango – Medium to large fruits, 400 to 600g, intense yellow colour; yellow pulp, firm, juicy, very sweet, pleasant flavour and without fibre. Small seed, very productive plant, relatively resistant to anthracnose.
Palmer Mango – Before ripening, palmer mango fruits are purplish-green. When ripe, they turn a dark red colour. The pulp is yellowish, firm and with little or no fibre. In addition, a highlight of this variety is the concentration of vitamin C.